The dangers of drunk driving and drug-impaired driving are widely recognized. However, even legally available medications may affect a person’s physical and mental condition, increasing the risk of traffic accidents and endangering public safety. Driving while impaired by medication should therefore not be overlooked. Certain sedatives, sleep medications, anti-anxiety medications, pain relievers, and muscle relaxants may cause drowsiness, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, slower reaction times, or poor coordination, all of which can make driving unsafe. Although these medications are used for treatment, their side effects may still increase the risk of traffic accidents.
    
    Recently, some members of the public reported being stopped by police after taking medication and subsequently referred to prosecutors for investigation on suspicion of an offense against public safety. The National Police Agency (NPA) explained that officers conduct traffic stops based on specific signs, such as erratic driving, drifting out of a lane, or apparent disorientation. These stops are not conducted at random. To determine whether a driver may be unable to drive safely, officers may ask the driver to complete a series of coordination and balance tests, such as walking in a straight line and performing balance exercises. A urine sample may also be collected and tested for relevant drugs or their metabolites. The NPA added that the saliva-based rapid drug screening devices currently in use can preliminarily detect benzodiazepines, a class of controlled medications with sedative or sleep-inducing effects. Officers will consider the screening results together with their observations at the scene to improve preliminary assessments, while balancing effective law enforcement with the protection of the public’s rights.
    
    The NPA emphasized that under Article 185-3 of the Criminal Code, a person who uses drugs, narcotics, or similar substances and then drives while unable to do so safely may be charged with an offense against public safety and face up to three years in prison. Heavier penalties apply if the offense causes death or serious injury. Article 35 of the Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act also provides for administrative penalties, including fines, suspension or revocation of the driver’s license, and the removal and impoundment of the vehicle at the scene. Court decisions have also shown that even if medication is taken as prescribed by a doctor, a driver may still be held legally responsible if the medication affects their ability to drive safely and they nevertheless operate a vehicle.

    The NPA urges the public to carefully read the warning labels on medication bags, outer packaging, and package inserts when receiving or taking medication. In particular, if a warning says “may cause drowsiness” or “do not drive or operate machinery,” people should avoid driving a car or riding a motorcycle. Anyone who needs to go out while taking medication should first assess whether they are fit to drive. If necessary, they should use public transportation, take a taxi, or ask a friend or family member for a ride. The public is also advised to consult a doctor or pharmacist if they have any questions about possible side effects and to confirm whether it is safe to drive while taking the medication.

    Drunk driving and drug-impaired driving are not the only threats to public safety. Driving while impaired by medication can also put both the driver and other road users at risk. The NPA will continue to strengthen roadside traffic checks and enforcement against driving offenses that endanger public safety. The public is reminded to carefully read medication warnings before taking medication and make sure they are fit to drive before getting behind the wheel. Greater awareness can help prevent accidents and avoid legal consequences caused by a moment of carelessness.